建筑工程造价与施工项目成本的控制

要害词:投标估价 报价的计谋与本事 实例阐述 危害研究
Abstract
With the development of economy in China, more and more important role in building industry in the national economy, the construction project bidding activities in the scope, scale, benefit is more and more big. The core of the project bidding activity is the selection and use of bidding strategy. Particularly in the construction industry reform, China's construction market has become increasingly standardized, bidding has gradually become a major transaction market.
Bidding is the contractor bidding contract projects, based on engineering valuation, determine the bidding skills and risk of contracting the project bidding price. In order to meet the requirements of the bidding documents, bidding is the key of the successful bidder of the contractor. Price is the successful bidder in the future basis and owners contract negotiations, and directly related to the successful bidder's future economic benefits. The contractor must study bidding rules, improve the pricing ability, so as to improve the competitive ability and profit ability of bidding.
This paper will be bidding for bidding estimation and quotation decision two stages, based on a large amount of investigation and deep research on domestic and foreign related bidding estimation and quotation, which cost structure of bidding estimation and Quotation Strategies and skills, decision-making methods are studied and summarized. And analyzes the disadvantages and risks of China Engineering Contract firms bidding decision-making, puts forward the significance of this paper.
Key words:The bid evaluation;Strategies and skills of bidding;The example analysis
;Study on the risk of agreement
第1章绪 论
2000年1月1日开始施行的《中华人民共和国招标投标法》第四十一条划定,中标人的投标应当切合下列条件之一,①可以最大限度地餍足招标文件中划定的各项综合评价尺度;②可以餍足招标文件的实质性要求,并且经评审的投标价钱最低;可是投标价钱低于资本的除外 。2003年6月1日开始施行的交通部{公路工程国内招标文件范本(2003年版)》(以下简称“03范本”)更是将“最低评标价法”和“综合评估法”、“双信封评估法”作为范本中的三种评标要领 。有不少世界组织和国度接纳最低评标价法 。如联合国商业法委员会采购示范法、欧盟理事会有关招标采购的指令、世界银行贷款采购指南、亚洲开发银行贷款采购准则以及一些欧美国度有关法令划定,招标方应选定”评标价最低”的投标中标 。实行最低评标价法的优点显而易见:①切合市场经济体制下微观主体追求利润最大化的谋划目标;②公正适度的增加投标的竞争性,为建造单元节省资金提高经济效益;⑧有利于承包商不停革新谋划管理,提高技能程度,增强资本核算,提升市场竞争力,提高资源配置效率;④有利于范例市场竞争秩序,淘汰工程招投标历程中的腐败现象;⑤便于抓住入世时机,尽早与国际市场接轨 。按照“03范本”,接纳最低评标价法时招标人应设有标底.标底的作用是业主对招标工程项目造价的预测或是控制尺度,它应按照招标文件供给的工程量清单以综合单价的形式体例,回声社会平均资本 。工程造价“资本”区间简直定是最低评标价法的要害点和难点 。投标中投标人既要以低标价到场竞争,又要竭经心思地阐述业主的“资本价”,不得低于这条红线,因此,如何表现“资本”,让工程中标价钱低得有“度”,同时又保证各投标报价的“竞争性”,这就成了摆在我们面前的非常现实的一个问题 。
为了公正确定项目施工个体资本,低沉投标危害,可参考国际老例.按照已完工及执行中的工程项目统汁资料及市场询价测算所得的资本和建立的企业定额为基础,思量本企业的施工特点及专长、劳动生产率和技能装备程度,预测出本企业对投标工程项目的直接资本价 。最后由决议操持层按照市场谋划战略制定投标计谋,在直接资本价的基础上,加上预期利润及项目执行历程中的各类不能预见费.确定最终标价 。

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